第6讲 完全竞争市场.pptVIP

完全竞争市场的价格和产量决定 市场的类型 分类标准： 1、市场中多少买方和卖方 2、产品之间有无差异 3、是否存在进入退出障碍 4、完全信息 完全竞争 完全垄断 垄断竞争 寡头垄断 The Meaning of Competition A perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: There are many buyers and sellers in the market. The goods offered by the various sellers are largely the same. Firms can freely enter or exit the market. The Meaning of Competition完全竞争的含义 As a result of its characteristics, the perfectly competitive market has the following outcomes:由于完全竞争市场具有以上特点，所以在完全竞争市场上 The actions of any single buyer or seller in the market have a negligible impact on the market price.任何单个买者和卖者对于市场价格的影响都是可忽略的 Each buyer and seller takes the market price as given.任何单个买者和卖者都是市场价格的接受者 The Meaning of Competition Buyers and sellers in competitive markets are said to be price takers. Buyers and sellers must accept the price determined by the market. Revenue of a Competitive Firm Total revenue for a firm is the selling price times the quantity sold. TR = (P X Q) Revenue of a Competitive Firm Total revenue is proportional to the amount of output. Revenue of a Competitive Firm Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. Revenue of a Competitive Firm In perfect competition, average revenue equals the price of the good. Revenue of a Competitive Firm Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from an additional unit sold. MR =?TR/ ?Q Revenue of a Competitive Firm For competitive firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue for a Competitive Firm Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm The goal of a competitive firm is to maximize profit. This means that the firm will want to produce the quantity that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost. Profit Maximization: A Numerical Example 二、完全竞争市场的行业需求和厂商需求 P=AR=MR 确定利润最大化的产出水平Determining the profit maximizing level o