3-遗传学的基本原理.pptVIP

* The basic principles of inheritance * Key Points Pedigrees are used to identify dominant and recessive traits in human families. The analysis of pedigrees allows genetic counselors to assess the risk that an individual will inherit a particular trait. * The basic principles of inheritance * 玉米粒的颜色和转基因无关 我的博客 /home.php?mod=spaceuid=616948view=zdqiao * The basic principles of inheritance * Applications of Mendel’s Principles Mendel’s principles can be used to predict the outcomes of crosses between different strains of organisms. Section 3 * The basic principles of inheritance * If the genetic basis of a strait is known, Mendel’s principles can be used to predict the outcome of crosses. There are three general procedures, two relying on the systematic enumeration of all the zygotic genotypes or phenotypes and one relying on mathematical insight. * The basic principles of inheritance * 1 The Punnett Square Method (1875-1967) British Geneticist Intercrosse 互交 * The basic principles of inheritance * 2 The Forked-Line Method The forked-line method for predicting the outcome of an intercross involving three independently assorting genes in peas. * The basic principles of inheritance * The forked-line method for predicting the outcome of a testcross involving three independently assorting genes in peas. * The basic principles of inheritance * 3 The Probability Method An intercross showing the probability method in the context of a Punnett square. * The basic principles of inheritance * Application of the probability method to an intercross involving two genes. * The basic principles of inheritance * Key Point The outcome of a cross can be predicted by the systematic enumeration of genotypes using a Punnett square. When more than two genes are involved, the forked-line or probability method is used to predict the outcome of a cross. * The basic principles of inheritance * Section 4Formulating and Testing Genetic Hypotheses The chi-square test is a simple way of evaluati