2018年泛珠三角与中华名校物理奥林匹克邀请赛试题与答案test2_solution.pdfVIP

太阳的振荡 （ 分） Problem 1: Oscillations of the Sun (22 points) 22 The sun is made of compressible gas. It can oscillate in a variety of ways. Investigating these oscillations has provided rich information on the interior of the Sun. In this problem we study two kinds of waves: pressure waves and gravity waves. 太阳的成份是可压缩气体。它可以以各种方式振荡。研究这些振荡供了有关太阳内 部的丰富信息。在这问题中，我们研究两种波：压力波和重力波。 压力波 ( 分) Part A. Pressure Waves (15 points) 15 Most of us are familiar with sound waves propagating through Earth’s atmosphere, which is a pressure wave. In the Sun, however, we need to consider the fact that gas density falls off with height because of gravity. In this problem, we will use the following notations: 我们大多数人都熟悉在地球大气层传播的声波，它是一种压力波。但是在太阳內，我 们需要考虑由于重力而导致气体密度随高度下降。在这个问题中，我们将采用以下符 号： = average mass of particles 粒子平均质量 = gravitational acceleration 重力加速度 = Boltzmann constant 波尔兹曼常数 = absolute temperature 绝对温度 g = ratio of the constant-pressure specific heat to the constant-volume specific heat 定压比热 与定容比热之比 We model the Sun as an atmosphere whose density falls off with height because of gravity. For a thin layer of the atmosphere between heights and + , the equilibrium pressure at these locations are ( and (+ ) respectively. Assume that the gravitational acceleration and the temperature are constant. 我们将太阳模拟为一个大气层，其密度因重力而随高度下降。对于高度在和+ 之间的薄层气体来说，这些位置的稳态压力分别为(和(+ ) 。假定重力加速度 和温度是恒定的。 Derive the differential equation for the atmospheric density (. 2 points A1 试推导大气密度( 的微分方程。 2 分 Let be the cross-section area of a column of the atmosphere. External force acting on the gas = [ − (+ )]. Weight of the gas = [ Condition for equilibrium: − + = [ In the limit → 0, + = + . Hence = −