基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计与实现 电子与单片机专业毕业设计 毕业论文.docVIP

PAGE IV PAGE III 基于单片机的火灾报警系统的设计与实现 摘 要 烟雾检测报警器可避免火灾和爆炸事故以及煤气中毒的发生，它是防火、防爆和安全生产所必备的仪器，可保障生产与生活的安全，具有广阔的市场空间与发展前景。 本论文内容主要对火灾报警控制器的理论做了研究，对系统的整体设计和各个组成部分进行了详细的分析和设计，并全面阐述了一个能实际应用的火灾报警控制器硬件部分和软件部分的方法和过程。论文设计的烟雾报警器由烟雾信号采集电路与单片机控制电路两大部分构成。 根据设计要求、使用环境、成本等因素，选用NIS-09C型半导体电阻式烟雾传感器和DS18B20温度传感器。NIS-09C是对CO、CO2、煤气等多种烟雾气体有良好敏感特性的半导体敏感器件。它的灵敏度适中，具有响应与恢复特性好，长期工作稳定性、受环境影响较小等优点。信号经A/D转换传送给单片机，然后对火灾情况进行判断，根据判定情况来决定报警与否，同时对相关信息进行显示。当烟雾的浓度达到设定的浓度时，发出声光报警，或者在温度大于一定值时报警。在系统单片机控制电路的设计上，充分利用了其高速数据处理能力和丰富的片内外设，实现了仪器的小型化和智能化。 以STC89S52单片机和离子型NIS-09C半导体电阻式烟雾传感器为核心设计的烟雾报警器可实现声光报警、浓度显示、报警限设置、报警时间显示等功能,是一种结构简单、性能 稳定、使用方便、价格低廉的烟雾报警器。具有一定的实用价值。 关键词：烟雾，报警器，STC89S52，传感器 Microcontroller-based fire alarm system design and implementation ABSTRCT The smoke detector alarms can prevent fires and explosions and gas poisoning occurs, it is a fire and explosion preventing equipment that necessary for safety production, and can protect the safety of production and life, and has broad market space and development prospects.  This paper mainly on the study of the theory of fire alarm control ,and make a detailed analysis and design of overall design and the various components, and a comprehensive exposition of the hardware and software components methods and processes of a practically applicational fire alarm controller. Thesis of the smoke alarm consists of smoke signal acquisition circuit and MCU control circuit.  According to design requirements, the use of environment, cost and other factors, we chose NIS-09C type semiconductor resistance smoke sensor and DS18B20 type temperature sensor. NIS-09C is a good semiconductor-sensitive devices that sensitive to CO, CO2, gas and other gas. Its sensitivity is moderate, with a good characteristics of the response and recovery, long-term stability, little impact to environmental. Signal transmitted to the microcontroller after through by the A / D conversion, and then judge of the situation of the fire. According to the judgement, MCU determ