油菜的主要病虫害症状和防治.docVIP

油菜的主要病虫害症状及防治 春季,是油菜病虫害的发生期,对油菜正常生长,稳产高产具有重要的意义。该季节油菜最易出现的病害有菌核病、霜霉病、蚜虫、菜青虫、黄曲条跳甲等。经过试验,总结出油菜病虫害的主要症状及防治如下。 Spring, is rape plant diseases and insect pests occurrence period, to rape to normal growth, output has the vital significance. Rape is the season of disease is seen most sclerotinia, downy mildew, aphids, caterpillar, grasped a jump of first-class. After test, summed up the rape main symptoms and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are as follows. (1)油菜菌核病。油菜菌核病是世界性病害,据资料统计,我国所有油菜产区均有发生,发病率为10%~80%,产量损失5%~30%。该病病原菌的寄主范围广,包括大豆、向日葵、花生、烟草和10多种主要蔬菜等。 (1) rape sclerotium disease. Rape sclerotium disease is disease worldwide, according to statistics, all rapeseed production areas have occurred in our country, the incidence is 10% ~ 80%, and 5% ~ 30% yield loss. The disease pathogen of host range, including soybeans, sunflower, peanuts, tobacco and more than 10 kinds of main vegetables, etc. 症状:苗期在接近地面的根颈和叶柄上,形成红褐色斑点,后转为白色。病组织变软腐烂,有白色菌丝,重者可致苗死亡。成株期叶、茎、花、果和种子均可感病。叶感病后初生暗青色水渍状斑块,后扩展成圆形或不规则形大斑。病斑灰褐色或黄褐色,有同心轮纹,外围暗青色,外缘具黄晕。潮湿时病斑迅速扩展,全叶腐烂;干燥时则病斑破裂穿孔。病斑略凹陷,有同心轮纹,中部白色,边缘褐色,病健交界明显。病害严重时,病茎上长满絮状菌丝,故称为“白秆”、“霉秆”等。 Symptoms: seedling stage in close to the ground on the root of the neck and petioles, form a reddish brown spots, transformed into white. Soft rot disease organizations, have white mycelium, the person that weigh can cause seedling death. To plant of leaf, stem, flowers, fruits, and seeds are epic. Leaf disease after dark cyan patches with particular shape, after expanded into round or irregular spots. Disease spot beige or brown, with concentric round grain, dark cyan, outer edge Huang Yun. Damp disease spot expanding quickly, when all the leaves decay; Dry the disease spot burst perforation. Disease spot slightly concave, with concentric round grain, middle white, margin brown, ill health border obviously. Flocculent in severe disease, disease stems covered with mycelium, therefore is called white stem, mould stem, etc. 防治方法:①选用抗病品种。②减少初