医学微生物学课件-呼吸道病毒.pptVIP

呼吸道感染病毒Viruses Associated With Respiratory Infections 第1节 流行性感冒病毒Influenza virus Hemagglutinin HA (血凝素) Trimer protein (HA0→HA1+HA2) HA1: attachment HA2: fusion Functions Agglutinate erythrocytes (human, chicken, guinea pig) Bind to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors Elicit protective neutralizing Ab Hemagglutinin HA (血凝素) Trimer protein (HA0→HA1+HA2) HA1: attachment HA2: fusion Functions Agglutinate erythrocytes (human, chicken, guinea pig) Bind to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors Elicit protective neutralizing Ab Neuraminidase, NA (神经氨酸酶） Tetramer protein a sialidase唾液酸酶: cleaves the sialic acid on glycoprotein, including the cell receptor. Functions: Facilitates release of viral particles from infected cells Prevent self-aggregation of viruses NA Ab can prevent release of progeny virus Drug target: zanamivir扎那米韦, oseltamivir奥塞米韦 Neuraminidase, NA (神经氨酸酶） Tetramer protein a sialidase唾液酸酶: cleaves the sialic acid on glycoprotein, including the cell receptor. Functions: Facilitates release of viral particles from infected cells Prevent self-aggregation of viruses NA Ab can prevent release of progeny virus Drug target: zanamivir扎那米韦, oseltamivir奥塞米韦 甲（A）型： Ag易变异 ， 分亚型 乙（B）型： 可发生Ag变异, 不分亚型 丙（C）型 ：可发生Ag变异, 不分亚型 命名： 1980年WHO公布的命名法: 型别/宿主（人则省）/分离地点/病毒株序 号/分离年代（HA与NA亚型号） Ag漂移： 变异幅度小，系量变 ANTIGENIC DRIFT (Due to mutation) HA and NA accumulate mutation immune response no longer protects fully sporadic outbreaks, limited epidemics occurs with influenza A, B and C viruses ANTIGENIC SHIFT (Due to reassortment) “new” HA and/or NA proteins pre-existing antibodies do not protect may get pandemics occurs only with the influenza A virus 二、致病性及免疫性 1. 传染源： 患者 隐性感染者 被感染的动物 Symptoms Fever Headache Myalgia Cough Rhiniti