风力发电系统控制模型的建立与仿真分析.doc

摘 要 风能作为一种清洁的可再生能源，在当今能源短缺的情况下，变的越来越重要。由于风的不稳定性和风力发电机单机容量的不断增大，使风力发电系统和电网的相互影响也越来越复杂，因此，对风力发电系统功率输出的稳定性提出了更高的要求。控制系统对提高风力发电系统功率输出的稳定性有很大的作用，所以有必要对控制系统和控制过程进行分析。 本设计主要依据风力发电机组的控制目标和控制策略，通过使用电力系统动态模拟仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC，建立变桨距风力发电机组控制系统的模型。为了验证控制系统模型的可用性，建立风力发电样例系统模型，对样例系统进行模拟仿真，并对所得的仿真结果进行了分析，从而证实了风力发电机组控制系统模型的可用性,然后得出了它的控制方法。 通过对风力发电机组控制系统的模拟仿真，可得如下结论：风力发电机变浆距控制属非线性动态控制，在风力发电机组起动时，通过改变桨叶节距来获得足够的起动转矩，达到对风轮转速的控制的目的；当风速高于额定风速时，通过自动调整桨叶节距，改变气流对叶片的攻角，从而改变风力发电机组获得的空气动力转矩，满足风力发电系统输出功率稳定和功率曲线优化的双重要求。 关键词：风力发电；控制系统；PSCAD/EMTDC；仿真分析 Abstract The wind energy which is used as a kind of clean and reproducible energy, nowadays gets more and more important in the energy scarcity cases. Because instability of the wind and continuous enlarging capacity of the single machine in wind power generation, mutual effect between the wind power system and the grid is more and more complicated, so the higher demand is brought forward about the stability of output power of the wind power generation system. The control system may enhance the stability of output power, therefore we have the necessity to analyses control system and the control processes. The design mainly bases on the control target and strategies of the wind power generation. We have established the alterable pitch control model using the power system dynamic simulation software PSCAD/ EMTDC. Also we have established the model of the wind power system for validating the usability of the controller model. We have simulated the whole system and analyzed the result of simulation, and confirmed the usability of the controller model and its control method. We have simulated the control system model of the wind power generation, and got a conclusions: The alterable pitch control of wind power generation is the non-linear dynamic control, control system changed pitch angle for acquiring starting torque while the wind power generation started; we adjusted the pitch angle for changing angle which airflow blow vane , when