化工构词特点资料.ppt

科技英语的特点 Michael Phelps The widespread use of halogenoalkanes leads to pollution problems: Aromatic halogen compounds and alkanes in which three or four halogen atoms are joined to the same carbon atom are not hydrolysed—they are not biodegradable—but are soluble in body fats. This means that they get concentrated in organisms, which are then eaten by predators. This results in an ever increasing concentration of these compounds in the body tissues of animals further up the food chain. Scientific English 如何学科技英语？ 专业词汇的特点 1）普通词汇专业化 2）专业术语词义单一性 3）较多使用前缀和后缀 4）大量使用同根词 5）广泛运用缩略词语 普通词汇的专业化 Green bodies are formed by pressing granules in a die. 词义专一 前缀和后缀(prefix and suffix) 大量使用同根词 hard → hardly → hardness → harden → hardenability → hardware produce →product → production → productivity compress→compressor→ compressive → compression hexane→hexanoic acid→ hexanitrate →hexangular 广泛运用缩略形式 FDA →Food and Drug Administration (美国)食品及药物管理局 DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid （脱氧核糖核酸） HPLC → High Performance Liquid Chromatography (高效液相色谱） PVC → Poly (vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙稀 PPM →parts per million (百万分率) IR，UV？？ Word building（构词法） A common way of making new words in English is by adding standard combinations of letters to existing words, either at the beginning (prefixes) or at the end (suffixes). By noting these carefully, you will find it is easy to make large increases in your recognition vocabulary. 构词法 1. 大部分词来自希腊语和拉丁语。 2. 前缀和后缀出现频率非常高 合成词（Composition） 合成词是专业英语中一大类词，其组成面广，多数以短划线“－”连接单词构成，或者采用短语构成。 随着词汇的专用化，有些合成词中间的连线渐渐省略掉了，形成了一个独立的单词。 合成词并非可以随意构造，否则会造成一种非正常的英语句子结构，虽然可由多个单词构成合成词，但这种合成方式太冗长，应尽量避免。 合成词实例： Electrochemical=electric+chemical Aramid=aromatic+amide Redox=reduction+oxidation 派生词（Derivation） 这类词非常多，专业英语词汇大部分都是用派生法构成的，它是根据已有的词，通过对词根上各种前缀和后缀来构成新词。 这些词缀有名词词缀：inter-, sub-, in-, tele-, micro-等； 形容词词缀：im-, un-, -able, -al, -ing, -ed等； 动词词缀：re-, under-, de-, -en, con-等。 e.g. “sub-” subsoil —— 下层土