Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments 全球环境中塑料碎片的堆积和破碎.pdfVIP

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) 364, 1985–1998 doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205 Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments David K. A. Barnes1,*, Francois Galgani2, Richard C. Thompson3 and Morton Barlaz4 1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK 2 ´ ´ IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources, Provence Azur Corse (LER/PAC), Ifremer Centre de Mediterranee, ZP de Bregaillon, BP no. 330, 83507 La Seyne sur Mer, France 3Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 4Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA One of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics. Within just a few decades since mass production of plastic products commenced in the 1950s, plastic debris has accumulated in terrestrial environ- ments, in the open ocean, on shorelines of even the most remote islands and in the deep sea. Annual clean-up operations, costing millions of pounds sterling, are now organized in many countries and on every continent. Here we