托福基础阅读理解.doc

托福基础阅读理解 大概介绍 三篇文章 （600-700词，学术类），39个问题，60分钟，计30分 如由常规的三篇变成四篇，都要做；其中任意三篇计分 除每篇文章最后一道篇章应用题分值可能为2分，3分，或者4分，其余每道题均为1分 考题八大题型：词汇，指代关系，句意理解，句子插入，细节，推理，修辞目的，总体结构 策略 考试说明提前熟悉，考试时节省时间；所有题目在文章中都有标明，难度降低；任何题目都要阅读前后文章，以助理解把握 不要花过多时间阅读文章，快速阅读以抓住文章大意和总体结构；如果带着弄清细节的目的，则是浪费时间 不要在完全没有把握的问题上花费过多时间；在答题时间之内，给不会的题目猜上答案，因为选错不倒扣分 Reading skills 1,词汇及推论 vocabulary and reference 生词毋慌张，文章会给出明确提示 老词毋匆忙，可能考的是生僻词意 排除法：认识的三个选项都确定无疑可以排除，方可以选择最后一个不认识的选项；如果简单排除后还剩下两个不认识的选项，则可能排除法失效，正确选项可能在认识的选项上。 如何通过上下文猜得词义方法要义： 通常问题：the word or phrase --- is closest in meaning to ---- 单词—在意思上和---最接近 The word or phrase --- could be best replaced by 单词---被---替代最合适 何处找到答案：生词或短语附近的上下文（基本上会有同义词，反义词的出现，所谓猜测不是空穴来风），本身所在的句子非常重要 (p,10) The word “encompasses” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A contains B searches C encircles（环绕） D directs I believe that their free time should be guided /directed to intelligence-improving and strength-building activities. the mantle is the region of the Earth that extends from the outer edge of the core almost to the surface; it is 2,900 kilometers thick and encompasses about 84% of the total volume of the earth. The crust, on the other hand, is the thin outer layer of the earth. The term “Moho” is used to indicate where the mantle ends and the crust begins. The word “draw” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by A sketch（素描） B pull C draft（草案） D make Using the reflection of seismic waves at thousands of different locations, scientists have been able to draw some interesting conclusions about the Moho. First of all, the crust is very thin, averaging only about 15 to 20 kilometers in thickness, compared with tens of thousands of kilometers in width. The phrase “to a considerable degree” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A grandly B significantly C geometrically D considerately In addition, the Moho varies to a considerable degree in depth and is deepest below the highest mountain ranges and shallower below regions with lower surface elevations. The M