论我国浮动抵押制度的完善-民商法学专业论文.docx

中文摘要中文摘要 中文摘要 中文摘要 浮动抵押制度正式产生于衡平法系的英格兰，随后苏格兰、美国都设置了该 项制度，大陆法系各个国家也结合本国国情，创设了富有本国特色的浮动抵押制 度。浮动抵押是指企业以现有和将有的财产的全部或部分设定抵押，抵押人在正 常经营范围内可自由或受一定限制处分其抵押财产，在法定或约定情事发生时， 抵押财产及其价值才能确定，抵押权人得就此确定的抵押财产优先受偿的一种抵 押。它不同于一般抵押，主要特点在于抵押财产的浮动性、性质的可转化性，然 而最为关键的是，设立浮动抵押后，抵押人仍然对抵押财产享有自由处分权，可 以利用其整体财产继续进行生产经营活动，使企业财产的使用价值也发挥无遗。 浮动抵押制度融效率、自由、安全价值于一身，作为英国衡平法最为精妙的创造 之一，备受银行喜爱，为债务人融资、使用抵押物提供了便利条件。我国《物权 法》首次引进了浮动抵押制度，这对于促进我国经济的发展具有重大的意义。 然而，不可否认的是，我国对于这一制度仅用简单的几个条文加以规定，无 论在法律规范的数量，还是在法条的编排上，都无法与该制度比较发达的国家相 比。浮动抵押制度与大陆法系传统的物权法原则相冲突，而且我国对有关浮动抵 押制度的关键问题并没有涉及或者涉及很少，如浮动抵押的登记、浮动抵押的优 先权顺序、浮动抵押的实现方式等等问题，再加上浮动抵押制度本来就具有高风 险性的特征，导致了我国的浮动抵押制度在实际运行中障碍重重，未能真正体现 》 其优越性，最终使该制度形同虚设，在实践中的应用很少。要使浮动抵押制度真 正在我国的现实土壤中生长，必须完善浮动抵押的实体性和程序性制度，加强对 j 浮动抵押的风险防范。 关键词：浮动抵押 结晶 优先权 接管人制度 AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract Floating Charge Regulation produced officially in England，who is belong to Common Law．Scotland and America adopted the regulation after then．Now the countries which belong to Continental Law combined their national conditions、析Ⅱl the regulation,creating characteristic Floating Charge in their mortgage regulations． Under Floating Charge Regulation，the enterprise Can hypothecate all or part of its properties，which Can even include the properties in the future，and has the right to dispose its properties freely or limitedly in the normal business before the crystallization．11le crystallization happened because of some certain reasons．After the crystallization,the mortgagee has the priority to be paid、析m the mortgaged properties，which is fixed nOW．111e flexible mortgaged properties and changeable quality make Floating Charge different from other mortgages．But the key feature is that the mortgagor Can dispose the mortgaged properties freely after setting Floating Charge，he Call go on producing晰tll the enterprise’S properties，making full use of the properties．Floating Charge，as one of the most delicate creation in Common Law, combined the value of efficiency,freedom with safety．It iS loved by banks because it is conve