符号学基本概念简介.pptVIP

什么是符号？ What is a sign? As Peirce sees it, A sign, or representamen, is something which stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity. (CP vol.2: 135) A sign can be verbal or non-verbal. the linguistic sign is “then a two-sided psychological entity”, and it may be represented by the following diagram.   Figure 2.1 Nature of the Linguistic Sign (Saussure, 1972, 2001: 67) 能指与所指signifier signified： Saussure moves further to explain: “ In our terminology a sign is the combination of a concept and a sound pattern. But in current usage the term sign generally refers to the sound pattern alone, e.g. the word form arbor …the ambiguity would be removed if the three notions in question were designated by terms which are related but contrast. We propose to keep the term sign to designate the whole, but to replace concept and sound pattern respectively by signification and signal. The latter terms have the advantage of indicating the distinction which separates each from the other and both from the whole of which they are part.”(1972, 2001:67) Signification is the sense of the sign which is the thing or idea the sign refers to, while signal is the form, in most cases the written words. The two are respectively called ‘signified’ and ‘signifier’ later by Saussure’s followers, for example Roland Barthes (1999). Signifier may be regarded as the linguistic form of language, and signified the content. The distinction between signifier and signified reveals the two dimensions of language, namely the dimension of expression and the dimension of content. 三项式关系（triadic relation）： A Representamen is the First Correlate of a triadic relation, the Second Correlate being termed its Object, and the possible Third Correlate being termed its Interpretant. In Peirce’s view, triadic relation, which is formed by three correlates, namely the sign as the first correlate, the object as the second correlate and the interpretant as the third