非谓语动词超详细讲解.ppt

非谓语动词及其分类 The Infinitive 不定式的用法： 注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。 比较： 目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。 Thanks a lot! * * 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词： 在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句 子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动 词，叫做非谓语动词。 We should serve the people heart and soul. I am reading a novel. She found English hard to learn.　 Seeing is believing.　 The results obtained are quite satisfactory. Please stop speaking. （谓语） （谓语） （状语） （主语和表语） （定语） （宾语） 2.非谓语动词的分类 不定式(infinitive) 分词（participle） 动名词（gerund） 3.非谓语动词的特点 1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词 组成谓语。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 The Party called on us to serve the people . 3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。 The students ran out of the classroom, laughing merrily . To be frank, your plan is not practicable. 不定式的构成 (to) do not (to) do 不定式的特点 具有名词、形容词、副词的句法功能。 有主动、被动语态、一般、进行或完成式 一般形式 进行式 完成形式 主动语态 to do to be doing to have done 被动语态 to be done to have been done (1)作主语 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后， 用it作形式主语。 To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking. It made me very happy to hear her talk about it. 【注意一】不定式的逻辑主语： 不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语， 但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。 I promised Tom to play with him. I asked him to play with me. （to play的逻辑主语是I） （to play的逻辑主语是him） 【注意二】 同一句型中不同介词的不同含义 It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth （for 引出动作发出者） （of 引出adj修饰的对象） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. 注意：常用在of句型中的adj有： kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, cruel, careless, stupid, naughty (淘气的), polite, impolite, silly, wrong, brave, honest, noble，right, rude等 ＝You are very kind to give me some help.　 ＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.　 (2)作宾语 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语