左传-南开大学哲学院.doc

《左传》论证方法研究 PAGE 4 摘 要 《左传》是我国第一部规模宏大而内容详实的史学钜编。本文将《左传》作为主要研究对象，从“视角-主张”的角度探究《左传》的论证方法。全文分为四个部分：第一部分主要介绍《左传》中的引征型的推类论证方法。首先从引征古代经典文献、典故和语言故事出发，选取《左传》中的典型事例进行分析评价，接着又举例说明中国逻辑中较为普遍的推类论证方法。第二部分是介绍《左传》中自发的演绎论证方法，从《左传》中自发的演绎意识和直觉式的二难推理两个方面出发进行研究。第三部分是对《左传》中的经验的归纳论证方法进行举例分析，分别分析评价了经验的归纳、枚举归纳和强调因果联系的归纳论证方法。最后一部分则是从《左传》中传统整体思维的辩证论证方法出发，举例论证。《左传》中既具有不同于西方形式逻辑和形式化的逻辑的中国逻辑思想，又有以往中国古代逻辑思想研究中没有提到的独特的史学论证方法。本文在研究过程中结合具体的社会背景、语境、人物身份地位以及说服力等各方面进行分析评价，立足文献本身，以探索先秦史学方法中论证方式的特点。 关键词：《左传》；论证方式；中国传统逻辑思想  Abstract Zuo Zhuan is the first large-scale and informative historiography in China.Taking Zuo Zhuan as the main text, this paper explores the argumentation method of Zuo Zhuan from the perspective of “view-proposition”. There are four parts in this thesis. The first part is the introduction of “quote analogous inference” argumentation method in Zuozhuan.first of all,I select the typical examples of quoting ancient documents,allusions and fables.Then I give a example to illustrate the ordinary analogous inference in Chinese Logic. The second part introduces the method of initiative deductive inference in Zuozhuan from the perspective of initiative inference conscious and dilemma. The third part analyses the method of induction inference,which includes the experiential induction,enumerative induction ,and Inductive methods that emphasize causality . The final part is based on the traditional dialectical argumentation method of whole thinking . There are Chinese Logic thought which different from western formal logic and the unique inference method that has never appeared in Chines ancient logic.This paper has take social background,context,character identity and persuasiveness into consideration.And it clarifies the feature of Pre - Qin historical inference method. Keywords:Zuozhuan;Argumentation method；Chinese traditional logic thought  目 录 6470 摘 要 1 23042 Abstract 2 15064 引 言 4 27685 一、《左传》中引征型的推类论证方法 5 26110 （一）引征古代经典文献的推类论证 5 29607 （二)引征典故的推类论证 15 （ 11199 三）引征寓言故事的推类论证