美国黑人在美国历史上的发展历程.ppt

How can we call those black people? African Origins The majority of African Americans descend from slaves who were either sold as prisoners of war by African states or kidnapped directly by Europeans or Americans. By 1860, there were 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the United States due to the Atlantic slave trade, and another 500,000 African Americans lived free cross the country. Over time in most areas of the Americas, these different peoples did away with tribal differences and forged a new history and culture that was a creolization of their common pasts and present. Introduction of Slavery 17th 18th Century Introduction of Slavery 17th 18th Century American Civil War 19th Century In 1863, during the American Civil War (1861–1865), President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation(解放黑奴宣言). The proclamation declared all slaves in states that had seceded from the Union were free. But African Americans still not free. They are suffering from segregation（种族隔离）, discrimination and oppression（压迫）. They had no citizenship rights. African Americans were the victims of the unspeakable horrors of police and brutality. Racial segregation. By law, public facilities and government services such as education were divided into separate white and colored domains. Disenfranchisement. （剥夺公民选举权）Black voters were forced off the voting rolls, and elections were made more complicated. Exploitation. Increased economic oppression of blacks, Latinos, and Asians, denial of economic opportunities, and widespread employment discrimination. Violence. Individual, police, organizational, and mass racial violence against blacks. Montgomery Bus Boycott 蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动 On December 1, 1955, Montgomery, Alabama in the United States, Rosa Parks, an African-American seamstress, boarded a bus. When she was in the bus driving after several station, the bus driver ordered Rosa Parks to her seat to a white passenger. Rosa Parks thought she should get and white the same