中国社会保障制度的多重分割及对人口流动的影响.pptVIP

厦门大学 2006年12月16日 中国社会保障制度的多重分割及对人口流动的影响 上海社会科学院 左学金 2006年12月16日 Increased Labor Mobility During the Reform1 In the planning period prior to late 1970s, labor mobility was generally prohibited. The scale and the impact of labor mobility have increased since the reform, esp. the mid-1980s. The major component of the flow is the peasant workers from the middle and western province of China. Labor mobility from the low-productivity sectors to the high ones is the most importance source of China’s fast growth in the past two decades. Increased Labor Mobility During the Reform 2 In 2005, the total volume of “floating population” amounted to 147.35 million, of which, 477.9 million were inter-provincial. The total number accounted for more than 10% of the total population. However, this is the total stock. The incremental of the floating population in the past 8 years was 865.1 million, accounting for less than one percent of the country’s 1.3 billion population. Increased Labor Mobility During the Reform 3 The major destinations of the mobility are the large and mid-sized cities in the Eastern provinces, while the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region being the most important concentration of the in-migration. By province, Sichuan, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei are the most important sending provinces, and Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Beijing, Fujian are the most important receiving provinces. Institutional barriers to mobility remain in place 1 There remains a hierarchy of China’s population/labor by their place of household registration. The top of the hierarchy is the provincial level cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing, while the bottom is the townships/villages, with the various size of cities/towns in the middle. In general, it is easy to move downward along the hierarchy, but difficult to move upward. Institutional barriers to mobility remain in place 2 According to their posi