表面物理化学.pptxVIP

表面物理化学; 体相粒子（分子、原子或离子）密度约为1022cm-3，表面离子密度约为1015cm-2，可见对于边长为1cm的立方体而言，表面相中的粒子数占总粒子数的比例是很低的。但是，随着该立方体不断被细分，虽然物质的总体积和总粒子数不变，但是其总表面积和比表面积均不断增大，当物质被分散到纳米尺度时，表面相中的粒子数已经远远大于体相中的粒子数了。;§1 表面自由能和表面张力 一、表面自由能及其定义 ;二、表面张力;;§2 弯曲液体表面的现象 一、弯曲液面的附加压力;;二、附加压力与曲面的曲率半径 和表面张力的关系 杨-拉普拉斯（Young-Laplace）方程式;;;三、表面张力的测定 1、毛细管上升法;2、最大气泡压力法;四、表面曲率与液体蒸气压的关系 开尔文方程;过饱和蒸气 过热水 毛细凝结 人工降雨 ??? 永动机 ???;§3 液固界面上的润湿作用;粘湿; 在气、液、固三相交界点，气-液与气-固界面张力之间的夹角称为接触角，通常用q表示。; 若接触角大于90°，说明液体不能润湿固体，如汞在玻璃表面；;§4 表面相热力学 ;;;§5 表面活性剂;表面活性剂分类;常用表面活性剂类型;阳离子表面活性剂;两性表面活性剂;R-(C6H4)-O(C2H4O)nH 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚;表面活性剂在水表面的定向排列 和在水中的自组织结构;胶束(micelle);胶束(micelle);胶束(micelle);胶束(micelle);临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration);临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration);;;乳化作用;检验水包油乳状液;增溶作用;§6 气体在固体表面的吸附和表面化学;表面化学研究的难点;Irving Langmuir (31 January 1881 – 16 August 1957) was an American chemist and physicist. His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewiss cubical atom theory and Walther Kossels chemical bonding theory, he outlined his concentric theory of atomic structure. Langmuir became embroiled in a priority dispute with Lewis over this work; Langmuirs presentation skills were largely responsible for the popularization of the theory, although the credit for the theory itself belongs mostly to Lewis. While at General Electric, from 1909–1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry. He was the first industrial chemist to become a Nobel laureate. The Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research near Socorro, New Mexico, was named in his honor as was the American Chemical Society journal for Surface Science, called Langmuir.;一、气体在固体表面的吸附 ㈠ 物理吸附和化学吸附 ;2. 化学吸附的特点 吸附热大（60-400 kJ/mol） ? 选