世界贸易组织WTO课件规则解读中英版栾信杰 ISBN9787566308696 WTO专题保障措施.pptVIP

一、概述 WTO《保障措施协定》(Agreement on Safeguards)[1]确定了WTO关于保障措施的适用规则。《保障措施协定》的主要目标是规范《GATT 1994》第19条“对某些产品进口的紧急措施”的实施，加强对保障措施(safeguards or safeguard measures)的多边控制，消除逃避此类控制的措施，推动而非限制国际市场上的竞争。 [1] This Agreement consists of 14 articles and 1 annex. 二、宗旨 A WTO member may take a “safeguard” action (i.e., restrict imports of a product temporarily) to protect a specific domestic industry from an increase in imports of any product which is causing, or which is threatening to cause, serious injury to the industry. The WTO Safeguards Agreement broke new ground in prohibiting “grey area” measures and setting time limits (“sunset clause”) on all safeguard actions. 三、适用保障措施的条件（Art.2) 　　A product is being imported in such increased quantities, absolute or relative to domestic production, and under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause serious injury to the domestic industry that produces like or directly competitive products. 一种产品的进口量相对于国内生产绝对或相对地增加，且对生产相同或直接竞争产品的国内产业造成严重损害或产生严重损害威胁。 何谓绝对增长？何谓相对增长？ An import “surge” justifying safeguard action can be a real increase in imports (an absolute increase); or it can be an increase in the imports’ share of a shrinking market, even if the import quantity has not increased (relative increase). 四、保障措施中的“国内产业”定义 与WTO反倾销规则和反补贴规则中的“国内产业”定义不同，WTO《保障措施协定》下的“国内产业”明确包括生产与进口产品直接竞争产品的国内生产商。该协定第4.1(c)条规定： 　　Domestic industry shall be understood to mean the producers as a whole of the like or directly competitive products operating within the territory of a Member, or those whose collective output of the like or directly competitive products constitutes a major proportion of the total domestic production of those products. “国内产业”应理解为在一成员领土内进行业务活动的相同产品或直接竞争产品的所有生产商，或指那些生产的相同产品或直接竞争产品的累积产量占该产品国内总产量大部分的生产商。 五、“严重损害”和“严重损害威胁”的定义 　　（一）定义 Serious injury means a significant overall impairment in the position of a domestic industry; “严重损害”是指对一国内产业状况的重大全面的损伤； Threat of serious injury means serious injury that is clearly imm