牙科放射線學.pptVIP

Normal Structures (2) Zygmatic arch Hyoid bone Ref. 2 Normal Structures (3) Dorsum of tongue Soft palate Earlobe Ref. 2 Various Landmarks on Panorex (1) Ref. 2 Various Landmarks on Panorex (2) Ref. 2 Earring Earring Common Errors Necklace Metal plates Denture Orthodontic appliance Lead apron Ref. 1 Hair Artifact Ref. 11 Hair Braid Artifact Ref. 6 A: synthetic hair braid extension artifacts B: Nose ring artifact Hair Braid Artifact Ref. 6 A: synthetic hair braid extension artifacts Metal Artifact Ref. 9 Position Error Ref. 1 Positioning error Film fault Patient too far from the film Patient too close to the film Patient positioned asymmetrically (head turned to the right or left) Patient‘ s chin positioned too high or too low Anterior teeth magnified in width out of focus Anterior teeth narrowed out of focus Posterior teeth enlarged on one side reduced on the other Distortion in the shape of the mandible the anterior teeth out of focus Refs. 1, 9 Positioning error Film fault Patient positioned asymmetrically (head turned to the right or left Patient still wearing earrings, jewellery, dentures or orthodontic appliances Failure to instruct the patient to keep still throughout the cycle Posterior teeth enlarged on one side and reduced on the other Artefactual shadow(s) of the offending object Vertical or horizontal distortion of the part of the image being produced at the time of the movement Position Error Historical Aspect Theory of Tomographic Movement Concept of Rotation Center Focal Trough Kinds of Image on Panorex Normal Structures on Panorex Common Position Errors on Panorex Knowing: Role of Dentist to Detect Carotid Atherosclerosis on Panorex 謝 謝 * Ref. 13 Ramus (real image) Ramus (ghost image) R L Summaries of Ghost Image Basic Principle: Location and appearance of ghost images shown on the panoramic radiograph can provide information of the soft tissue calcifications or predict the locations of the soft tissue calcifications Ghost Ima