高级软件工程2.pptVIP

Socio-technical Systems社会-技术 系统 Objectives To explain what a socio-technical system is and the distinction between this and a computer-based system To introduce the concept of emergent system properties 系统特性such as reliability and security To explain system engineering and system procurement获得 processes To explain why the organisational context of a system affects its design and use To discuss legacy systems 遗留系统and why these are critical to many businesses Topics covered Emergent system properties Systems engineering Organizations, people and computer systems Legacy systems What is a system? A purposeful collection of inter-related components working together to achieve some common objective. A system may include software, mechanical机械, electrical and electronic hardware and be operated by people. System components are dependent on other system components The properties and behaviour of system components are inextricably inter-mingled混合 System categories系统种类 Technical computer-based systems Systems that include hardware and software but where the operators and operational processes are not normally considered to be part of the system. The system is not self-aware.如：电视、电话、计算机软件 Socio-technical systems Systems that include technical systems but also operational processes and people who use and interact with the technical system. Socio-technical systems are governed by organisational policies and rules.如：一本书从书写到出版构成了一个社会-技术系统 Socio-technical system characteristics Emergent properties Properties of the system of a whole that depend on the system components and their relationships. Non-deterministic They do not always produce the same output when presented with the same input because the systems’s behaviour is partially dependent on human operators. Complex relationships with organisational objectives The extent to which the system supports organisational objectives does not just depend on the system itself. 2.1Emergent properties系统特性 Properties of the system as a w