东南大学考研固态电子器件20092010chapter82.pptVIP

8.2 LED(Light Emitting Diode) 8.2.1 Light-Emitting Material and radiating wavelengths Different material have different band gap, therefore, different emission wavelength. Binary compounds: from GaN(3.4eV) to InSb(0.18eV) , corresponding to from blue(or ultraviolet) to infrared; GaAs:Eg=1.43eV(infrared) ?? GaP: Eg=2.26eV(green) ?? GaN（3.4ev,blue) Ternary compounds: GaAs1-xPx, Quaternary compounds: InAlGaP etal. for yellow and green wavelength region. Some kinds of LED: (1)EELED (Edge Emitting LED, 边发射发光二极管); Output Characteristics (1)P-I Characteristics (2)Wavelength and Spectrum width Radiated wavelength often referred to as a peak wavelength, is determined by band gap, Eg; Spectrum width,??, is measured as full width at half maximum, FWHM. Index profile（折射率分布） (cable)光缆 Fabrication(光纤的制造) 1310 nm : 0.35 - 0.5 dB/Km 1550 nm : 0.2 -0.3dB/Km 850 nm : 2.3 -3.4 dB/Km 光纤熔接点损耗：0.2dB/点 光纤熔接点 1点/2km Dispersion Dispersion is another important consideration in choice of operating wavelength. Dispersion can cause signal disorder. ps/nm·km (1)Chromatic Dispersion（材料色散）: wavelength dependence of the refractive index (2)Intermodal dispersion（模间色散）: different modes propagate with different path lengths (it can be reduced by grading the index of the core). (3) Waveguide dispersion（波导色散）: small part of signal power propagate in cladding, different group velocities between the power propagating in core and in cladding Photonic Crystal Fiber(光子晶体光纤)By making a suitable geometry of the periodic dielectricmedium, a phonic crystal can be used as an optical fiber. 8.3 Lasers Laser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 8.3.1 spontaneous emission(自发辐射) and stimulated emission(受激辐射) 8.3.2 optical resonant cavity (Fabry-Perot)法布里-珀罗共振腔) 8.3.3 population inversion(分布反转) Gain Medium Optical Resonant Cavity Pump The way to enhance the stimulated emission is to have a very large photon field energy density ?(?12) :