水平井技术在石油行业领域中的发展.docVIP

××××大学20××届（本科）毕业设计 PAGE IV PAGE I X X 大 学 学生姓名： 学 号： 班 级： 专 业： 系 别: 指导教师： 摘 要 近些年，水平井技术在石油行业领域中得到了迅速的发展，已经日益普及到整个石油工业中，尤其在处理薄层油藏、断块油藏、天然裂缝性油藏以及存在气锥和水锥问题的油藏中得到了广泛的应用。此外，水平井技术在开采重油、水驱油藏以及在提高采收率的措施中也正在发挥越来越重要的作用。然而，水平井在改善油层中流体渗流条件的同时，也使得油层中流体的渗流过程变得更为复杂，准确分析水平井井底压力的变化特征，对于正确认识水平井的渗流规律以及合理开发油藏都具有十分重要的意义。 本文针对水平井渗流中的一系列问题，以单井作为研究对象，从渗流力学基本理论出发，综合运用点汇函数、偏微分方程及计算数学等多学科知识，研究出了适合于描述水平井渗流的数学模型及求解方法，主要取得了以下成果： 1）通过研究水平井的渗流机理，利用点汇函数、叠加原理分析方法建立了顶底封闭无限大油藏中的水平井不稳态渗流数学模型； 2）利用点汇函数和拉氏变换等方法对数学模型进行求解，并获得了压力分布公式； 3）在获得数学模型解的基础上，作出了水平井压力动态特征曲线，分析了影响压力动态的各种因素，为水平井的试井分析和认识油藏的动态提供了理论基础。 关键词： 水平井；试井；渗流；不稳定压力 Abstract Horizontal well technology has got rapid development in recent years and it is permeating the whole petroleum industry increasingly. Particularly in the aspects of extraction of thin layer reservoir, fault-block reservoir, naturally fractured reservoir as well as those oil reservoirs with gas or water coning problem, horizontal well technology has been extensively adopted. Moreover, horizontal well technology has been playing a more and more important role in the exploitation of heavy oil reservoir, water flooding reservoir and measures of EOR. However, although horizontal wells can improve the flow condition, the flow features through porous media will become more complex than vertical wells. The accurate determination of bottomhole pressure of horizontal wells is of importance in realizing the flow characteristics correctly and developing oil reservoir reasonably. For a series of problems of horizontal well percolation, considering individual well as research object, this paper does a lot of researches based on the theory of percolation of porous media. Ultimately, we obtain a mathematical model describing the horizontal well percolation and the solution of model，by comprehensively utilizing point source function, partial differential equation, computational mathematics and so on. The achievements rec