空间等离子体和单粒子的运动、KineticTheory和MHD简介.ppt

* MHD使用范围 * Quasi-Perpendicular Quasi-Parallel Diffuse ions FAB Ion Foreshock Boundary B Earth Field-aligned beams Specularly reflected ions Intermediate distribution Diffuse distribution 地球舷激波周围离子加速的情况 * Dynamic of the Earth’s Bow Shock The dynamic of the Earth’s bowshock creates variations of the localΘBn, which can lead to particle release in turn. * 磁矩守恒失效的情况 总结： 简单介绍了等离子体的概念； 单粒子运动 Kinetic theory MHD * * Thank you! * * 单个带电粒子的运动 库仑力和洛仑兹力 * 回旋运动 受洛仑兹力影响的带电离子的运动方程 假设在均匀磁场中 * Cyclotron Frequency 有磁场存在的等离子体 * 带电粒子回旋运动的轨迹 Cyclotron Frequency (gyrofrequency) Note: gyroradius * Guiding center and pitch angle(俯仰角) * Drift motion – Electric Drift * 其它几种漂移运动 Polarization Drift Magnetic Gradient Drift General Force Drift Curvature Drift * Guiding Center motion * 磁矩守恒 Magnetic moment * 磁镜效应 * 磁镜效应推导 * Loss cone * Van Allen辐射带 Trapped charged particles * The outer belt The outer belt consists mainly of high energy (0.1–10 MeV) electrons The large outer radiation belt extends from an altitude of about three to ten Earth radii (RE) or 13,000 to 19,000 kilometres above the Earths surface. Its greatest intensity is usually around 4–5 RE. * Inner belt The inner Van Allen Belt extends from an altitude of 100–10,000?km (0.01 to 1.5 Earth radii) Ions energy exceeding 100 MeV and electrons in the range of hundreds of keV, trapped by the strong (relative to the outer belts) magnetic fields in the region It is believed that protons of energies exceeding 50 MeV in the lower belts at lower altitudes are the result of the beta decay of neutrons created by cosmic ray collisions with nuclei of the upper atmosphere. The source of lower energy protons is believed to be proton diffusion due to changes in the magnetic field during geomagnetic storms * 地面实验室模拟的辐射带 * 木星的辐射带 * Aurora /wiki/Aurora_(astronomy) * Kinetic theory Distribution function * Kinetic theory Note: * 等离子体中的Vlasov方程 * 类似Maxwellian分布曲线 * 卫星位于地球bow shock以外 卫星位于磁尾 * 离子束流的速度、压强和温度 T The 1st order moment The 2nd o