北邮-数据库系统原理(英文)-13-15.pptVIP

Database System Concepts - Chapter 13 Query Processing - * How to evaluate an expression containing multiple evaluation primitives key: how to process intermediate computing results e.g. ?balance(?balance?2500(account)) Two strategies, that is materialization(实体化/物化) and pipeline are used for expression evaluation §13.7 Evaluation of Expressions E.g. ?customer-name(?balance?2500(account) customer) Materialization Fig. 13.10 Pictorial representation of an expression Database System Concepts - Chapter 13 Query Processing - * Principles of materialized evaluation start from the lowest-level, i.e. at the bottom of the tree, evaluate one operation at a time the results of each evaluation (i.e. intermediate computing results) are stored in temporal relations on the disk for subsequent evaluation serial evaluating E.g., in Fig.13.10, compute and store in a temporal relation at first; then join the stored temporal relation with customer; finally compute the projections on customer-name. Materialization (cont.) Database System Concepts - Chapter 13 Query Processing - * Cost of writing results to disk and reading them back can be quite high Approximately, overall cost = sum of costs of individual operations + cost of writing intermediate results to disk Materialization (cont.) Database System Concepts - Chapter 13 Query Processing - * Principles of pipelined evaluation evaluate several operations simultaneously in a pipeline, with the results of one operation passed to the next, without the need to store temporary relations in disk parallel evaluating Much cheaper than materialization: no need to store a temporary relation to disk E.g., in the expression tree in Fig.13.10, don’t store result of instead, pass tuples directly to the join; similarly, don’t store result of join, pass tuples directly to projection. Pipelined …… …… : customer account balance2500 balance≥2500 Have a break Database System Concepts - C