如何因应会考数学科试题.PPT

， * 數學解題策略 實行計畫-選擇策略及綜合運用知識去進行推理計算解決問題 回顧解答-驗證答案是否合理及思考結果或方法能否用於解其他問題,甚至於自己修改原問題或推廣其結論,形成另一個問題,亦可考慮作為專題研究之題目。 3R解題策略 解題活動先從題目待答或待證明的地方著手(Request)(即倒推法) 適時引進題目的已知條件及潛在的性質(Response)。 最後導出結果(Result)，這是所謂的「3 R」策略。 Alan H. SchoenfeldProfessorCognition and DevelopmentUniversity of California, Berkeley Degrees Ph.D. in Mathematics, 1973, Stanford University M.S. in Mathematics, 1969, Stanford University B.A. in Mathematics, 1968, Queens College, New York 解題學者：A. Schoenfeld Schoenfeld從事： Research and development in human AI， 於1980年提出研究報告： Teaching problem-Solving Skills 該篇研究報告主要處理二個問題 是否能夠明確描述出解題熟手所使用的解題策略為何？ 我們是否能夠將這些解題策略教導學生如何解題？ Definition of Heuristic Trial-and-error procedure for solving problems (or reaching an unclear goal) through incremental exploration, and by employing a known criteria to unknown factors. Trial-and-Error A trial-and-error approach to problem-solving involves trying a number of different solutions and ruling out those that do not work. This approach can be a good option if you have a very limited number of options available. If there are many different choices, you are better off narrowing down the possible options using another problem-solving technique before attempting trial-and-error. 捷思策略(Heuristic Strategy) A general suggestion or technique which helps problem-solvers to understand or to solve a problem. 表示一種一般的建議(general suggestion)或策略，可協助解題者瞭解題意與有效地利用他們的資源去解題。 Schoenfeld的解題歷程 分析(Analysis) 設計(Design) 探究或探索(Exploration) 履行或完成(Implementation) 驗證(Verification) 分析與瞭解問題題意 1.如有可能的話可作圖或表。 2.考慮特殊情形可由下列方式進行（Examine special cases to）： (a) 視為問題的特例（exemplify the problem）； (b)探究可能取值的範圍（explore the range of possibilities through limiting cases）； (C)將整數參數從1,2,3,…依序探討起，尋找其規律性（find inductive patterns by setting integer parameters equal to 1,2,3,…in sequence.）。 3.利用「對稱性」或「為不失一般性」嘗試簡化題目（Try to simply it by using symmetry or “without loss of generality） 設計與計畫求解（Designing and planning a solution） 有系統地計畫求解（Pan solutions hie