归因食源性疾病负担的特定食物和来源-华池疾病预防控制中心.PPTVIP

An?outbreak?or an?epidemic?is the occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. Many epidemiologists use the terms outbreak and epidemic interchangeably, but the public is more likely to think that epidemic implies a crisis situation. Some epidemiologists apply the term epidemic to situations involving larger numbers of people over a wide geographic area. Indeed, the Dictionary of Epidemiology defines outbreak as an epidemic limited to localized increase in the incidence of disease, e.g., village, town, or closed institution. In contrast to outbreak and epidemic, a?cluster?is an aggregation of cases in a given area over a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected. This aggregation of cases seems to be unusual, but frequently the public (and sometimes the health agency) does not know the denominator. For example, the diagnosis in one neighborhood of four adults with cancer may be disturbing to residents but may well be within the expected level of cancer occurrence, depending on the size of the population, the types of cancer, and the prevalence of risk factors among the residents. One of the first tasks of the field investigator is to verify that a cluster of cases is indeed an outbreak. Some clusters turn out to be true outbreaks with a common cause, some are sporadic and unrelated cases of the same disease, and others are unrelated cases of similar but unrelated diseases. *  2018年庆阳市食源性疾病监测计划 庆阳市疾病预防控制中心 何丽丽 主要内容: ?法律依据 ?监测目的 ?制定原则 ?监测计划内容 ?监测工作重点 法律依据 《食品安全法》 第十四条 国家建立食品安全风险监测制度，对食源性疾病、食品污染以及食品中的有害因素进行监测。国务院卫生行政部门会同国务院有关部门制定、实施国家食品安全风险监测计划。 第十六条 食品安全风险监测结果表明可能存在食品安全隐患的，县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门应当及时将相关信息通报同级食品药品监督管理等部门，并报告本级人民