第二课法律职业.ppt

法律英语 Lesson Two Legal Profession 法律职业 Legal Profession Multistate Bar Exam federal courts boards of directors Judge Attorney General Chief Justice Barristers Solicitors Attorney practice of law Lawyers in private practice single practitioner house Counsel corporate counsel The United States Department of Justice public prosecutors Federal prosecutors district attorneys Congress of the United States Background 律师 法官 检查官 法学教师 Part 1 The Bar Bar——法庭中将公众与法官、律师及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板。 后来用于通指法律职业或律师职业。 律师 美国 Lawyer Attorney Attorney –at-law Counseler Counseler –at-law The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。各州都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。 Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to applicants for its bar. Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a day-long multi-choice test, to which the states adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law. The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) is a six-hour, two-hundred question multiple-choice examination covering contracts, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and real property. A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt. 通过第一次考试的人很多，而那些失败者中的许多人在下一次尝试时就通过了。 In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations to the bar in their respective states. 每年各州有4万多人通过律师考试。 No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission. 在进入律师行业之前或之后不需要有学徒经历。 The rules for admission to practice before the federal courts vary with the courts, 在联邦法院执业的要求各州不同。 but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities. 在州最高法院执业的人办理了一些无关紧要的手续后可以在联邦法院执业。 A lawyer’s practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawye