GMAT逻辑易错原因分析和应对政策.docx

GMAT逻辑易错原因分析及应对政策 “老师，有没有方法提高逻辑题的正确率？” 我常常听到同学们提这样的问题。逻辑题考查的是批判性推理的能力，而这个“批判性推理能力”本身是比较抽象的，没有办法量化，所以GMAC官方出了各式各样的逻辑题来检测我们在遇到不同场景是否能够做出客观的、合乎情理的分析以及判断。 逻辑题说难不难，说简单也不简单。说它难是因为这种题型不是同学们在以往的升学考试中所遇到过的，何况大多数同学没有经过Critical Thinking这方面的系统性训练—我们善于记忆各种学术概念以及各种公式，去应用、去计算，但是主动分析、理解、评估不熟悉的话题和场景并不是我们的强项；说它简单是因为一旦我们“入了门”，掌握了出题的套路以及正确选项、错误选项的特征，加上过硬的单词量和长难句分析技巧，我们又可以各种“套路”逻辑题。 GMAT逻辑题易错，主要是以下两方面出了问题：1. 审题不清，没有抓到题目主要信息；2. 判断选项不明，没有落实“相关性”以及“客观性”。 听上去是老生常谈，但审题这个环节如果出了问题，会导致一着不慎满盘皆输。审题包括两个部分，第一，是题目信息理解，第二是题型确认。 我们以下题为例进行分析。 In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? A .The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant. B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits. C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers. D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is. E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have. 先进行题目信息理解。 这道题的字面意思是：在宾夕法尼亚州进行的一项研究中，各餐馆的服务员在向顾客呈递账单之前，对随机选择的账单写上“谢谢”。这些账单上的小费比没有消息的账单上的小费平均高出3个百分点。因此，如果宾夕法尼亚州的服务员经常在餐厅账单上写上“谢谢”，那么他们从小费中得到的平均收入将显著高于以往的水平。 没有什么生词难词，也没有什么结构复杂的句型，相信大多数同学都能看懂题目的意思。但是，能把题目意思翻译过来不算是真正理解了题目信息。判断自己是否真正理解信息的一个重要依据就是“能否化简所得信息”。 这道题化简成逻辑链是：