Lect_Lec_7_Multiple_Issue浙江大学体系结构.pdfVIP

loop unrolling Multiple-issue 2013Fall_Ad Computer Architecture Review – exploreexplore ILPILP viavia HardwareHardware approachesapproaches BBasiic 55-sttage piipeliline Extended to pipeline supporting FP operations Scoreboard TomasuloTomasulo AlgorithmAlgorithm Branch predictor HHarddware-bbasedd SSpecullatition Explicit register renaming 2/41 2013Fall_Ad Computer Architecture ExploreExplore ILPILP viavia SoftwareSoftware approachesapproaches Basic Compiler Technique for Exposing ILP Loop unrolling Static Branch Prediction StStatitic mu ltiltiplle I Issue: VLIWVLIW Advanced Compilor Support for Exposing and Exploiting ILPExploiting ILP Software pipelining Global Code schedulingGlobal Code scheduling Hardware Support for Exposing More Parallelism at comppile time Conditional or Predicated instructions Compiler speculation with hardware support 3/41 2013Fall_Ad Computer Architecture Review:Review: StaticStatic BranchBranch PredictionPrediction Simplest: Predict taken average misprediction rate = untaken branch frequency, which for the SPEC programs is 34%. UnfortunatelyUnfortunately, thethe mispredictionmisprediction raterate rangesranges fromfrom notnot veryvery accurateaccurate (59%) to highly accurate (9%) Predict on the basis of branch direction? choosing backward-going branches to be taken (loop) forward-going branches to be not taken (if) SPEC programs, however, most forward-going branches are taken = predict taken is better PredictPredict branchesbranches onon thethe basisbasis ofof profileprofile informationinformation collected from earlier runs Mispprediction varies from 5% to 22%