2019-2020同步人教英语新课标选修七讲义：Unit+2+Section+Ⅲ　Grammar——被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式和答案.docVIP

PAGE Section Ⅲ　Grammar——被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 1.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife，Claire. 2.By that time，Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 3.The women were impressed by Claire，the house and the delicious cuisine. 4.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！ 后自主感悟 1.例句1中的黑体字部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋be＋done。 2.例句3中的黑体字部分为一般过去时的被动形式，其构成是was/were＋done。 3.例句2、4中的黑体字部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋be＋done。 英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。 一、被动语态的基本构成和用法 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。 下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。 时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 shall/will/am/is/are (going to)＋be＋done 过去将来时 should/would/was/were (going to)＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋been＋done 将来完成时 shall/will＋have＋been＋done 过去将来完成时 should/would＋have＋been＋done Everyone is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there. 一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。 English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. 广播上正在播英语课程。 The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。 [即时训练1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①The tourists were accompanied (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing. ②He is envied (envy) by many men，because he has a big house，a car and a good family. ③The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end. 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．否定词not的位置 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctors degree. 听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。 2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动 We got separated when we entered the big hall. 我们进入大厅时被挤散了。 3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态 系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。 Im interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。 He seems unsatisfied with his work. 他似乎对自己的工作不满意。 4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义 有些动词如read，writ