海洋内波对水下声场的影响-物理杂志.pdf

海洋内波对水下声场的影响* 2014 －07 －15收到 † email ：Hutao76@ † 胡 涛 宋文华 DOI：10.7693/w (中国科学院水声环境特性重点实验室 北京 100190) Effect of internal waves on sound propagation in the ocean HU Tao† SONG Wen-Hua (Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment ，Chinese Academy of Sciences ， Beijing 100190，China) 摘 要 海洋内波是海水内部的波动之一，它与海洋表面的海浪运动有着非常不同 的物理特征。海洋内波会引起海水温度剖面发生剧烈的波动，这种波动具有很强的方向性和 时变性，对水下声传播影响巨大，并展现出一些很奇特的声波导效应(包括二维波导效应和 三维波导效应) ，给水下目标的探测与定位以及水声通信等带来严重影响。海洋内波对声场 的影响研究涉及到海洋动力学和水声学两个学科领域，文章重点介绍海洋内波对声场影响研 究领域的相关进展，并对内波环境下典型声波导现象进行了讨论，最后对该领域未来的发展 进行了总结和展望。 关键词 海洋内波，声波导，二维波导效应，三维波导效应 Abstract Internal waves, i.e. waves moving within the ocean ’s interior, have different phys- ical features from ocean surface waves, and can cause great fluctuation of the temperature profile in the water. This temperature fluctuation has high directivity and varies markedly with time, strongly af- fecting underwater acoustic propagation. Internal waves give rise to some very interesting acoustic waveguide effects (including 2- and 3-dimensional effects), which greatly influence the detection and localization of underwater targets, as well as acoustic communications. Research on these ef- fects of internal waves involves two disciplines: ocean dynamics and underwater acoustics. In this pa- per, we first review the effect of internal waves on sound propagation. Then some discussion about the typical acoustic waveguide effect is given. Finally, future prospects of this field are summarized. Keywords internal waves, acoustic waveguide, 2-dimensional waveguide effect, 3-dimen- sional waveguide effect 1 海洋内波 的密度分