商业应用统计(英文版)ch03.pptxVIP

Applied Statistics for Business;Applied Business Statistics, 7th ed.by Ken Black;Learning Objectives;Learning Objectives -- Continued;Measures of Central Tendency:Ungrouped Data;Mode - the most frequently occurring value in a data set Applicable to all levels of data measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) Can be used to determine what categories occur most frequently Sometimes, no mode exists (no duplicates) Bimodal – In a tie for the most frequently occurring value, two modes are listed Multimodal -- Data sets that contain more than two modes;Median;Arithmetic Mean;The number of U.S. cars in service by top car rental companies in a recent year according to Auto Rental News follows. Compute the mode, the median, and the mean.;Demonstration Problem 3.1;Percentiles;Calculating Percentiles;Quartiles;For the cars in service data, n=13, so Q1: i = 13 (25/100) = 3.25, so use the 4th ordered observation Q1 = 9,000 Q3: i = 13 (75/100) = 9.75, so use the 10th ordered observation Q3 = 204,000;Which Measure Do I Use?;Box and Whisker Plot;A box and whisker plot is developed from five statistics. Minimum value – the smallest value in the data set Second quartile – the value below which the lower 25% of the data are contained Median value – the middle number in a range of numbers Third quartile – the value above which the upper 25% of the data are contained Maximum value – the largest value in the data set Some types are called box and whisker plots with outliers. ;Measures of Variability - tools that describe the spread or the dispersion of a set of data. Provides more meaningful information when used with measures of central tendency in comparison to other groups ;Common Measures of Variability Range Inter-quartile Range Mean Absolute Deviation Variance and Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variation ;Range;Interquartile Range;Deviations from the mean;Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD);Population Variance;Population Standard Deviation;Whats the meaning of Std. devia