美国文学史期末试资料.docVIP

一.?? 殖民时期的美国: Colonial America? 17c早——18c末 1.???从英国探险者和殖民者在新大陆的作品开始，描述他们在新大陆真实而精力充沛的冒险。 2.???另一类为清教作品 ? Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺：第一位美国抒情诗人兼记者 “Father of American Poetry”(美国诗歌之父) ? Puritanism: 清教主义 American Puritanism influences on American literature: 1.?Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义 2.?Symbolism 象征主义 3.?Simplicity. 简洁 ? 1.Edwards 爱德华兹：the first modern American can the country’s last medieval man. “the current of Transcendentalism, originating in the piety of the Puritans, vecoming a philosophy in Jonathan Edwards, passing through Emerson.” 超验论由清教徒的虔诚演变而来 在乔纳森·爱德华兹的哲理得到发展 继而传给爱默生 2.Franklin 富兰克林 A rare genius in human history He was one of the makers of the new nation. Jack of all trades (杂家) 1)?????? He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the U.S.: ①The Declaration of Independence???? ②The Treaty of Alliance with France美法同盟条约 ①???? The Treaty of Peace with Englan英美和平条约? ?????④Constitution? Lightning-rod fire department-street lighting-bifocal classes 2)?????? His claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his Poor Richard’s Almanac(P34几句名言看) and Autobiography. ???????????????????????? was the first of its kind in literature.(文学史上该类作品开山之作) ????????? reveal the pattern of Puritan: simplicity, directness, concision. (简单、直接、明朗)? ? Edwards Franklin: ???? ???Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind. 1.不同点 ???? ???Franklin represents the lower levers.??? Tradition of religious idealism理想主义的宗教信仰 2???????? the American Puritanism is a two faceted ???????????????????????????????????? the levelheaded common sense—明智冷静的判断力F 3.The one was as a good Puritan as the other. 两人均是虔诚的宗教徒 ? American Romanticism: 浪漫主义 1.?????? Irving 欧文：美国第一个获得国际声誉的浪漫主义作家 ①???? ?The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame. ②???? ?The father of American literature. ???????????????????? Rip Van Winkle The Sketch Book见闻札记 ???????????????????? The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡觉的传说 The Sketch Book见闻札记 1). The short story as