117反应釜安全-精选课件(公开).pptVIP

反应釜 如果直译，反应釜的常用名为：炸弹！ Parr生产的反应釜应该是质量最好的。 但一般的反应釜推荐使用温度只有150C（压力82bar），好的可以到250C（124bar）。 对于一般的沸石和分子筛合成 水的自生压力：200C，15 atm （225 psi）. MeOH: 590 psi (200C) 压力可能更大：有机物？有机溶剂？气体？ Teflon loses its strength above 200C. 填充率： 75% CO2 Ammonia 不同填充度下水的压力——温度图 The Nature of PTFE（聚四氟乙烯） 缺点 PTFE has a tendency to creep or flow under pressure or load. This tendency is present even at room temperature and it is accentuated at higher temperatures. At operating temperatures above 150 °C the creep effect will become more pronounced, making it more difficult to maintain tight seals and resulting in deformation and shorter life for the PTFE components. The extent of the creep effect will be roughly proportional to the maximum operating temperature. PTFE is a porous material. Although the materials and designs used in autoclaves （vessels）minimize the effects of this porosity, users of these vessels can expect to see evidence of vapor migration across the cover seal and through the wall of the liner itself. Experiments have shown that the amount of solute lost in this manner during a normal digestion is negligible, but vapor migration will occur and frequently it will be sufficient to produce noticeable discoloration on the inner metal wall of the vessel body and the screw cap. Potential Hazards It is possible to create conditions under which these vessels will explode. The bulk of the reported incidents of this type have been caused by failure of the operator to recognize one or more of the following potential hazards. ? Excessive Temperature When a vessel is overheated, two factors come into play: (1) the vapor pressure of the materials in the vessel increases exponentially with temperature and (2) the strength of the materials from which the vessel is made falls off (again exponentially) if the vessel is heated above its maximum temperature limit. Dangerous overheating can be produced by ovens with defective temperature controls, by water baths boiling dry, or by operator inatt