《自动化专业英语第三版 王宏文》.docVIP

UNIT?1 Electrical Networks A?电路 An?electrical?circuit?or?network?is?composed?of?elements?such?as?resistors,?inductors,?and?capacitors?connected?together?in?some?manner.?If?the?network?contains?no?energy?sources,?such?as?batteries?or?electrical?generators,?it?is?known?as?a?passive?network.?On?the?other?hand,?if?one?or?more?energy?sources?are?present,?the?resultant?combination?is?an?active?network.?In?studying?the?behavior?of?an?electrical?network,?we?are?interested?in?determining?the?voltages?and?currents?that?exist?within?the?circuit.?Since?a?network?is?composed?of?passive?circuit?elements,?we?must?first?define?the?electrical?characteristics?of?these?elements.? 电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。因为网络由无源电路元件组成，所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性.? In?the?case?of?a?resistor,?the?voltage-current?relationship?is?given?by?Ohms?law,?which?states?that?the?voltage?across?the?resistor?is?equal?to?the?current?through?the?resistor?multiplied?by?the?value?of?the?resistance.?Mathematically,?this?is?expressed?as? 就电阻来说，电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出，欧姆定律指出：电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。在数学上表达为:?u=iR?(1-1A-1) 式中?u=电压，伏特；i?=电流，安培；R?=?电阻，欧姆。? The?voltage?across?a?pure?inductor?is?defined?by?Faraday’s?law,?which?states?that?the?voltage?across?the?inductor?is?proportional?to?the?rate?of?change?with?time?of?the?current?through?the?inductor.?Thus?we?have? 纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt? 式中?di/dt?=?电流变化率，?安培/秒；?L?=?感应系数，?享利。?? The?voltage?developed?across?a?capacitor?is?proportional?to?the?electric?charge?q?accumulating?on?the?plates?of?the?capacitor.?Since?the?accumulation?of?charge?may?be?expressed?as?the?summation,?or?integral,?of?the?charge?increments?dq,?we?have?the?equation? 电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q?。因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分，因此得到的等式为?u=????，? 式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。由定义可知，电流等于电荷随时间的变化率，可表示为i?=?dq/dt。因此电荷增量dq?等于电流乘以相应的时间增量，或dq?=?i?dt，?那么等式?(1-1A-3)?可写为式中?C?=?电容量，法拉。? 归纳式(1-1A-1)、(1-1A-2)?和?(1-1A-4)描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-