影响科研质量的因素.pptxVIP

影响科研质量的因素;研究：吸烟与肺癌的关系; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ;1 设计阶段study design---选择偏倚 Selection bias 2 实施阶段data collection--测量偏倚 Measurement bias 3 分析阶段analysis---混杂偏倚 Confounding bias ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ;口服避孕药 不服避孕药; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ; Winter,2002 ;1 设计阶段study design---选择偏倚 Selection bias 2 实施阶段dat