大一普通物理第二学期.ppt

* (21-1) Fundamental of physics Halliday and Resnick, Eighth Edition 大一普通物理第二學期 徐子民 科四館 四次考試 每次占 25% 點名 分數調整　全班以及個人的出席及學習狀況　　　　　　 Evaluations 　填充題 ( 簡答題 ) 　課文觀念　例題　習題 　以英文出題　 考試內容 Types of electric charge Forces among two charges (Coulomb’s law) Charge quantization Charge conservation Chapter 21 Coulomb's Law Empirically it was known since ancient times that if amber is rubbed on cloth, it acquires the property of attracting light objects such as feathers. This phenomenon was attributed to a new property of matter called “electric charge . (electron is the Greek name for amber) Types of electric charge More experiments show that they are two distinct type of electric charge: positive, and negative. The names “positive and “negative were given by Benjamin Franklin. Types of electric charge When we rub a glass rod with silk cloth both objects acquire electric charge. The sign on the charge on the glass rod is defined as positive . In a similar fashion when we rub a plastic rod with fur both objects acquire electric charge. The sign on the charge on the plastic rod is defined as negative . Types of electric charge Forces between two charges Charges of the same sign repel each other. Charges of opposite sign attract each other Coulomb’s law . Coulomb’s low Charge: the unit of charge in the SI unit system is “Coulomb (symbol C) for r =1m. and q=1 C The unit of current in the SI unit system is “Ampere (symbol A) , 1 A = (1C)/(1S) Charge and current Current Conductors are materials that allow charges to move freely through them, conduction electrons Examples : copper, aluminum, mercury Insulators are materials through which charges cannot move freely, do not have conduction electrons. Examples: plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics Semiconductors are materials that