(b)根据计算判断.doc

概 述（下） (b)根据计算判断 　　有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数学知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如： 　　03’年安徽芜湖中考“阅读理解”短文(D)中有这样一道题涉及数据运算： 　　If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2008, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About _________. 　　A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000 　　阅读材料中的原文是： 　　In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now. 　　【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000 　　所以答案为B。 　　(c)根据逻辑关系推断 　　根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。例如： 　　We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. 　　More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. 　　However… 　　Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph? 　　A. Computers will soon stop developing. 　　B. Many people like computers very much. 　　C. Computers are as cleverer as man. 　　D. I do not think computers will replace us completely. 　　【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。 　　d. 归纳主旨型 　　这类题目要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，对短文做出总结或概括性的评价。这种题目要求考生不仅能确切把握文中的事实和细节，而且更要透彻理解短文主旨。有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式： 　　From the story, we can say/see _________. 　　According to (根据) the passage, we know that ____________. 　　The title (标题) of the passage / can be _______________. 　　The writer tells us _