基于PLC对龙门刨床的电气改造.docx

基于PLC对龙门刨床的电气改造 专业：电气工程及其自动化 姓名：马宋宋 指导教师：马燕、杨成慧 摘要 龙门刨床主要用来加工大型工件的各种平面、斜面、凹槽等， 特别适应于加工大型的、狭长的机械零件，是常见的大型机械加工设备。 传统的龙门刨床的主拖动采用电机扩大机-发电机-电动机（A-G-M）调速系 统，电控部分采用继电器逻辑控制，线路复杂，故障率高，检修、维修困 难。 本论文根据B2010A型3m龙门刨床的工艺对控制系统的要求，对电 气控制系统进行总体的设计。主拖动采用调速范围宽、节能效果显著的变 频器，用PLC取代传统继电器控制方式，实现开关量逻辑控制和变频电动 机的转速控制，充分发挥PLC可靠性高、功耗低、维修方便等优势，对龙 门刨床进行电气改造，以达到投资小、改造周期短、降低能量损耗等目的， 弥补继电器控制方式的不足和缺点，以提高龙门刨床的生产效率，满足加 工工艺的要求。 通过对B2010A龙门刨床进行PLC电气改造设计，大大提高了刨床的 效率和加工精度，加强了刨床的可靠性和稳定性。 关键词 可编程序控制器，龙门刨床，变频器，电气改造 ABSTRACT Double hous ing pla ner is a com mon huge machi ne tool, which mainly used in process ing huge workpieces, various pla ne, bevel face, no tch, etc, especially adapts to process huge and long and n arrow machi ne spare part. The main drive of the traditi onal pla ner utilizes amplid yn e-ge nerator-electromotor drive which is noisy, energy-consuming room-taking. Relay logic control is used in traditional planer, and its circuitry is complicated, so the malfunction rate is high, and it is difficult to find out the malf un cti on. The dissertati on desig ns an outl ine of the electric con trol system based on the requireme nt of the tech no logy of the B2010A pla ner for the con trol system. The main drive of the planer ' s converter, for it has a wide speed regulation range ar well effect in sav ing en ergy. The pla ner utilizes PLC in stead of the traditi onal relay con troll ing way to achieve the logical con trol, and to con trol the speed of conv erter motor. Givi ng full play to PLC ability of the adva ntage of high reliability, low en ergy con sumpti on and convenient mai ntenance. Tran sformi ng electric of the pla ner to achieve small inv estme nt, short tran sformatio n cycle and reduced en ergy con sumpti on, make up the disadva ntage and weak nessof relay con troll ing way to improve productivity of the pla ner, and to sactisfy the n eed of process ing workpieces. After the electrical rebuild ing and improveme nt with PLC of B2010A frame planer, the efficiency and processing accur