改造现有的结构.docVIP

山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文 PAGE PAGE 23 外文翻译： RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES 2.1 Introduction Many structures have historically been constructed using reinforced concrete. Typical ordinary concrete consists of four constituents: gravel, sand, water, and cement. Reinforced concrete has some type of reinforcement, typically steel, combined with concrete to produce a stronger system than plain concrete. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. Tensile forces cause concrete to crack and eventually fail in a brittle manner at stresses significantly lower than the compression strength