Phytoremediation of TNT Contaminated Soils using Nitrate：植物修复的TNT污染土壤的酸盐.pptVIP

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Phytoremediation of TNT Contaminated Soils using Nitrate：植物修复的TNT污染土壤的酸盐.ppt

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Introduction Worldwide Use of Explosive Energetics Munitions, Construction, and Mining, etc. Major Problem: Military Training Installations Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) Nitro-Energetic Compounds (NECs) TNT (2,4,6 trinitro-toluene) RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7tetranitro-1,3,4,7 tetrazocine) Introduction Environmental Concern Soil and Groundwater Contamination Mass. Military Reservation on Cape Cod, Mass. Ft. Wingate near Gallup, New Mexico EPA Health Advisories Drinking water criteria for TNT and RDX based on a lifetime exposure cancer risk level of 1 in 106 No general soil criteria exists to date Introduction TNT Molecular Structure (C5H7N3O6) Introduction TNT Sequential Reduction TNT ? ADNT ? DANT ? TAT ADNT 2 amino-4,6 dinitrotoluene 4 amino-2,6 dinitrotoluene DANT 2,4 diamino-6 nitrotoluene 2,6 diamino-4 nitrotoluene TAT 2,4,6-triaminotoluene Introduction TNT Oxidation/Reduction Transformation Introduction Phytoremediation Use of live plants or components of plants to degrade or transform a contaminant Plants use a variety of enzymatic reactions inside the cell structure to grow and reproduce e.g. nitrate reductase enzyme for nitrate metabolism Spinacia oleracea High content of nitrate reductase enzyme Capable of interacting with NACs Commercially available or easily grown Research Focus and Objectives Focus Remediation of TNT contaminated soil Use of an enzyme extract from Spinacia oleracea Objectives To develop an in-situ cost-effective, environmentally safe alternative to traditional ex-situ methods of soil remediation, such as composting or incineration To define a workable protocol for field application of the enzymatic treatment method Research Focus and Objectives Experimental Approach Evaluate overall TNT transformation using Aqueous phase microcosms Soil-slurry phase microcosms Unsaturated soil microcosms Research Focus and Objectives Experimental Approach (cont’d) Characterization of Spinacia oleracea e