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模块综合测评 (一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)
A
Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching Zero Population
Growth (ZPG) .Nearly all such lands are economically well developed.They include
much of Europe(including Russia), the United States, Canada, Japan and Australia.As
the Rate of Natural Increase(RNI)declines, two things happen.First, the population
begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration.Second, a country's
population ages because there are fewer births.
Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country's population
begins to drop? Many people, after all, believe that population decline is a good
thing.But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?
An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more
health care and medical attention.Rather than paying into retirement programs, they
begin to draw from their pensions.In the US, the Social Security program, according
to many experts, will be used up by 2018.It will pay out more money than it takes
in.Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry
level positions that pay low wages.With an able to do them.Many of these jobs are
aging population, who will fill them? At the other extreme,some positions require a
large number of training and highly specialized skills.Who will fill these positions as
retirees leave the workforce?
The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple: increased
migration.
Today many people, particularly those from less developed countries, are
migrating in search of employment.Many are willing to take jobs that cannot(or will
not) be filled by the domestic population.Others are well educated and highly
skilled.Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways.Further,
they add to the richness of a country's cult
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