《语言学教程》第 0 章 课前准备.ppt

4.We improve the quality of educating the students by means of centering on the teaching and discipline construction, and deepening our commitment to teaching reform. 从语言学角度总结的翻译规律 ①英语句子通常是以主谓结构为主干，以谓语动词为中心，在此基础上，借助于现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式、并列连词、从属连词、关系代词、关系副词、介词或副词等连接手段，将句子中的各个次要成分连接起来，层层搭架，呈现出由中心向外围扩展的“分岔式”结构。 ①汉语句子一般是通过多个动词的连用或流水句形式，按照时间先后顺序和事理推移的方式，把事情一件件交待清楚，呈现出“流水式”的结构。 ①Eugene Nida 在Translating Meaning中指出，英语和汉语在语言学上最重要的一个区别是形合和意合的对比。②所谓形合是指句中的词语之间或分句之间需要用语言形式手段（如现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、介词、并列连词、从属连词、关系代词、关系副词等）来连接起来，以表达一定的语法意义和逻辑关系，具有“以形显意”的特点；而意合是指词语之间或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义本身来表达，具有“以意统形”的特点。 广告翻译：土家香酱饼 原 文 中华百年名吃，正宗土家风味，香脆可口，回味无穷，每地特准经营一家。 土家香酱饼，是由二十多种调料配制而成，秘制酱料，风味独特，欢迎新老顾客品尝。 中华百年名吃，正宗土家风味，香脆可口，回味无穷;，每地特准经营一家。 ①Sauce Cake of Tujia Ethnic Minority is one of the famous traditional Chinese foods and representative of the genuine cuisine flavor of Tujia Ethnic Minority, which is savoury, crisp and unforgettable. ②Only one branch is granted the franchise in each area. ①Sauce Cake of Tujia Ethnic Minority is one of the famous traditional Chinese foods and representative of the genuine cuisine flavor of Tujia Ethnic Minority; it is savoury, crisp and unforgettable. ②Only one branch is granted the franchise in each area. ① As one of the famous traditional Chinese foods, Sauce Cake of Tujia Ethnic Minority is possessed of the genuine cuisine flavor of Tujia Ethnic Minority, which is savoury, crisp and unforgettable. ②Only one branch is granted the franchise in each place. [根据英语反推或重建的汉语原文] 土家香酱饼是中华百年名吃之一，体现了正宗的土家风味，它香脆可口，回味无穷;，每地特准经营一家。 土家香酱饼，是由二十多种调料配制而成，秘制酱料，风味独特;，欢迎新老顾客品尝。 ①Sauce Cake of Tujia Ethnic Minority has a special flavor and is coated with the specially made sauce, which is made from over twenty ingredients. ②Regular and new customers are welcome. ①Sauce Cake of Tujia Ethnic Minority has a special flavor because it is coated with the specially made sauce, which is made from over twenty ingredients. ②Regular and new customers are welcome.