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Moral/Ethica
Dilemmas
理国境也被称为道德悖
论,是指于几个道德命令
之闫的显冲突,如果遵守
其中一项,就将速犯另一项
的情形
Trolley problem
电车难题
这是一个伦理学的思想实验。其大致内容是
假设一辆有轨电车失去控制,即将撞上前面的5个人
这时可以通过搬动道岔来避免该事故,但另外一条
岔道上却有1个人,那么,是否可以通过牺牲这一个
人的生命而拯救另外五个人?
此难题可以变化,如一条岔道有一人,另外
条可以改成更多人或更少人,另外五人可以改成罪
犯
The Overcrowded Lifeboat
In 1842, a ship struck an iceberg and more
than 30 survivors were crowded into a lifeboat
intended to hold 7. as a storm threatened it became
obvious that the lifeboat would have to be lightened if
anyone were to survive. The captain reasoned that
the right thing to do in this situation was to force
some individuals to go over the side and drown
Such an action he reasoned was not unjust to those
thrown overboard, for they would have drowned
anyway. If he did nothing, however, he would be
responsible for the deaths of those whom he could
have saved. Some people opposed the captains
decision. They claimed that if nothing were done and
everyone died as a result, no
one would be responsible for these deaths On the
other hand, if the captain attempted to save some
he could do so only by killing others and their
deaths would be his responsibility; this would be
worse than doing nothing and letting all die. The
captain rejected this reasoning. Since the only
possibility for rescue required great efforts of rowing
the captain decided that the weakest would have to
be sacrificed. In this situation it would be absurd. he
thought, to decide by drawing lots who should be
thrown overboard. As it turned out, after days of
hard rowing the survivors were rescued and the
captain was tried for his action If you had been on
the jury, how would you have decided?
A Fathers agonizing choice
You are an inmate in a concentration
camp. A sadistic guard is about to hang
your son who tried to escape and wants
you to pull the chair from underneath him
He says that if you don t he will not only
kill your son but some other innocent
inmate as well. You don t have any do
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