山西财经大学语言学重点.pdfVIP

语言学第八章 给定对话，考生分析涉及什么语言学内容 设定情景 然后考生设定对话， Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What d id you mean by X？ （东北师范大学，2006） Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communica tion, particularly the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmatics includes the study of (1) How the interpretation and use of utterances depend s on knowledge of the real world; (2) How speakers use and understand speech acts; (3) How the structure of sentences is influenced by th e relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Pragmatics is sometimes contrasted with semantics, which deals with meaning without reference to the users and communicati ve functions of sentences. 36. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dial ogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. （南开 大学， 2004） A: When is the bus coming? B: There has been an accident further up the road. Yes, B is cooperative. On the face of it, B’s statement is not an answer to A’s question. B doesn’t say when. However, A will immediately interpret the statement as meaning I don’t know or--I am not sure. 精选文库 Just assume that B is being relevant and informative. Given that B’s answer contains relevant information, A can work out that an acci