北京理工大学应用光学大全李林.ppt

2. Stops 1) Aperture Stop This kind of stop can limit the diameter of rays which will enter the optical system 2) Field Stop A kind of stop which can limit the field of view Example: the film frame 3)False Light Stop A kind of stop which can obstruct the false light 3. Vignetting The width or diameter of the oblique beam is smaller than that of the axial beam. This will cause a reduction in the illumination at the edge of the image plane. This effect is called vignetting. Linear vignetting coefficient: Area vignetting coefficient: Purpose of setting Vignetting 1.To reduce the sizes of some optical elements. 2.To obstruct some rays which have larger aberrations. In some kinds of telescopes，the vignetting coefficient may achieve 0.5 . Aperture Stop： A kind of stop which can select the imaging rays of the axial and the center of the field (no vignetting). In camera systems: Aperture stop---Variable stop Field stop--- The film frame 5.2 Selecting imaging rays in telescopes 1. Binocular telescope System data: Magnifying power :Г=6 Field angle of view :ω=8°30’ Exit rays diameter :D′=5mm Exit pupil distance : l′z≥11mm Effective focal length of the objective :f′0=108mm Effective focal length of the eyepiece f′e=18mm 1) In the case of axial rays F’O 30 The prisms is unfolded and substituted by the equivalent air thickness as follows: The diameter of the objective is the largest and that of the eyepiece is smaller in the case of axial rays. F’O 30 To satisfy the requirements of the system characteristics, the clear apertures of each components must be larger than the diameters of the axial rays. 2) In case of off-axial rays F’O a a b b a-a 30 increase increase b-b 60 increase largest objective prism eyepiece So we choose a-a rays as the diameter of objective