高分子材料加工技术专业英语 Introduction 01 Introduction.ppt

Introduction MFG 355 Plastics What is a plastic? Materials composed of large molecules which are synthetically made or modified Solids that have been shaped or molded Studied by chemists, engineers and technicians What is a molecule? A collection of atoms having a particular property Structures are deduced Deduction is through statistical probability Properties of Plastics Macro (bulk) Micro (crystals—many molecules) Molecular (atoms) Plastics Compared to Metals and Ceramics Disadvantage Lower useful thermal range High creep, low yield strength Low structural strength Low heat dissipation Low conductivity UV degradation Hard to color match Affected by solvents May cause fumes/fire hazard Advantage Ease of processing Low brittleness Lightweight products Good thermal insulation Good electrical insulation Utility as clear material Use without painting Can be applied as solution Waste can be burned Characteristic Low melting point High elongation Low density Low thermal conductivity Electrical resistance Optical clarity (some types) Easily colored Solvent sensitivity Flammable Polymers—many atoms or molecules Natural or Synthetic Monomer = building block Polymer = chains (linked groups) History of Polymers Date 1868 1909 1919 1927 1927 1929 1936 1936 1938 1938 1938 1939 1939 Material Cellulose Nitrate Phenol-Formaldehyde Casein Cellulose Acetate Polyvinyl Chloride Urea-Formaldehyde Acrylic Polyvinyl Acetate Polystyrene or Styrene Nylon (Polyamide) Polyvinyl Butyrate Polyvinylidene Chloride Melamine-Formaldehyde Example Use Figurines Electrical equipment Beauty accessories Cellophane package wrapping Pipe, Synthetic Leather Lighting fixtures, Plywood glue Brush backs, displays Synthetic flooring Disposable utensils Hosiery Safety glass interlayer Saran wrap Countertops, Cabinets History of Polymers Date 1942 1942 1943 1943 1947 1948 1954 1956 1957 1957 1964 1964 Material Polyester Polyethylene Fluorocarbon Silicone Epoxy Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Polyuret