一疏二控三割控穗疏花技术提高‘妃子笑’荔枝产量的生理原.docVIP

作者简介：罗剑斌（1987-），男，农艺师，硕士，主要从事热带亚热带果树栽培生理研究工作。E-mail：luo_jianbin@126.com *通讯作者：李建国（1966-），博士，研究员，从事荔枝龙眼等热带果树栽培生理与分子生物学。E-mail：jianli@ 基金项目：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-33-09）；广东省科技计划项目（2014A020208035）；广东省地方特色产业中小企业发展专项（粤财工[2014]614号）资助。 一疏二控三割控穗疏花技术提高‘妃子笑’荔枝产量的生理原因分析 罗剑斌 1，2，何凤1，王祥和3，胡福初3，王泽槐1，李建国1* （1华南农业大学园艺学院，广东 广州 510642； 2茂名市水果开发总公司，广东 茂名 525000； 3海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所，海南 海口570100） 摘要： 【目的】分析“一疏二控三割”控穗疏花技术改善坐果和提高产量的原因。【方法】通过田间试验考察了“一疏二控三割”控穗疏花处理对开花、坐果、产量和果实品质影响，并采集叶片、花蕾、小花、子房和分单果实进行了矿质营养、碳水化合物和内源激素测定。【结果】“一疏二控三割”控穗疏花技术可以显著提高‘妃子笑’的最终坐果率（3.17% vs 1.49%）、单株产量（为对照的2.22倍）和果实固酸比。分析其原因，可能有以下几点：一是减少雄花量、增加雌花量、提高了雌雄花比例；二是提高了叶片N含量，减缓了叶片P元素的输出，促进了谢花前叶片中碳水化合物输出，谢花后又得到了及时恢复；三是显著提高了分单幼果中总糖含量；四是显著提高了花果器官中IAA含量和（IAA+GA+ZR）/ABA比例。 关键词：荔枝；控穗疏花；坐果；内源激素；营养 Analyzing the Physiological Causes of the Chemical Combined with Hand and Machine Flower-thinning Technique Increasing ‘Feizixiao’ Litchi Yield LUO Jian-bin1，2，HE Feng1，WANG Xiang-he3，HU Fu-chu3，WANG Ze-huai1， LI Jian-guo1* (1 College of Horticulture,South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou,Guangdong510642, China;2Fruit Development Corporation of Maoming,Maoming,Guangdong525000,China; 3 Institute of Tropical Fruit,Agricultural Sciences Academy of Hainan,Haikou,Hainan 570100,China) Abstract 【Objective】In order to solve the sever problem of flowering profusely with very low yield in the production of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi (Litchi chinensisSonn.), we developed a new flower-thinning technique named chemical combined with hand and machine flower-thinning and analyzed its causes to improve fruit set and yield.【Method】The new flower-thinning technique includes three steps. Firstly, the central main panicle is selected to stay growing when its length gets to 12~15 cm and the other panicles are removed by hand; secondly, chemical solution with150 mg/L ethephon plus 200 mg/L paclobutrazol is sprayed to the panicle when the first flower just opened; finally, the length of the panicle are pruned to 10-12cm through top-cutting by hand-held power-driven f