《计算机网络和协议分析3》.pptVIP

5.2 The TCP/IP Reference Model Fig.2 The TCP/IP reference model The Internet Layer The internet layer defines an official packet format and protocol called IP (Internet Protocol). The job of the internet layer is to deliver IP packets where they are supposed to go. Packet routing is clearly the major issue here, as is avoiding congestion. For these reasons, it is reasonable to say that the TCP/IP internet layer is similar in functionality to the OSI network layer. Fig.2 shows this correspondence. 功能：负责IP报文在各节点中的传输 The Transport Layer Two end-to-end transport protocols have been defined here: TCP and UDP. The first one, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable connection-oriented protocol that allows a byte stream originating on one machine to be delivered without error on any other machine in the internet. The second protocol in this layer, UDP (User Datagram Protocol), is an unreliable, connectionless protocol for applications. The relation of IP, TCP, and UDP is shown in Fig.3 . 功能：在源结点和目的结点的两个进程之间提供可靠的端到端的数据传输。 Fig.3 Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially The Application Layer It contains all the higher-level protocols. The Host-to-Network Layer 功能：提供用户访问网络的接口 功能：接收IP协议模块交来的IP数据报并通过物理传输网络发送出去或者作相反的工作。 5.3 Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models The OSI and TCP/IP reference models have much in common. Both are based on the concept of a stack of independent protocols. Also, the functionality of the layers is roughly similar. The two models also have many differences. 1. Three concepts are central to the OSI model: Services, Interfaces, Protocols The service definition tells what the layer does, not how entities above it access it or how the layer works. A layers interface tells the processes above it how to access it. It specifies what the parameters are and what results to expect. It, too, says nothing about how the layer works inside. The peer protocols used in a layer are the