英美文学史名词解释.docVIP

4. Aestheticism// the Aesthetic Movement // the fin de siècle aestheticism: it was a European phenomenon during the latter 19th century that had its chief headquarters in France. In opposition to the dominance of scientific thinking and widespread indifference of the middle-class society to art, the advocates of the movement developed the view that a work of art is the supreme value because it is self-sufficient and has no use or moral aim outside its own being. The end of a work of art is simply to exist in its formal perfection. A rallying cry of Aestheticism is “art for art’s sake” The views later were introduced to Victorian England and Algernon Charles Swinburne, Oscar Wilde became its major representatives. (唯美主义运动, 19世纪末的唯美主义运动) 6. Metaphysical poetry: it refers to the poetry written by a group of 17th century poets represented by John Donne, Andrew Marvell and George Herbert etc. They employ paradox, pun and startling parallels in simile and metaphor to write poetry with the basic features of “wit” or “conceit”. A subtle and often deliberately outrageous logic is involved to render the form of a heated argument or a meditative process throughout the poem. Metaphysical poetry is sharply opposed to the Elizabethan poetry tradition and has been drastically elevated to a high hierarchy of English poetry after World War I. （玄学派诗歌） 7. Gothic novel: it is a type of prose fiction with the medieval setting in its barbaric and supernatural aspects. The term is now generally applied to literature dealing with the strange, mysterious and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in the reader. Gothic novel invariably exploits ghosts and monsters and settings such as castles, dungeons, and graveyards, which impart a suitably sinister and terrifying atmosphere. （哥特式小说） 8. English Romanticism: it is a literary poetic movement starting from the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 through the first three decades of the nineteenth century. It